Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America RSS feed: Current Issue. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America updates you on the latest trends in patient management; keeps you up to date on the newest advances; and provides a sound basis for choosing treatment options. Each issue focuses on a single topic in magnetic resonance imaging and is presented under the direction of an experienced guest editor. In addition, you can earn valuable CME credits - up to 60 per year - with your subscription. http://www.mri.theclinics.com/?rss=yesElsevier Inc.en © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America1064-9689202May 2012 © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. healthpermissions@elsevier.comhttp://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000463/abstract?rss=yesCME Accreditation Page and Author Disclosure10.1016/j.mric.2012.03.001Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-05-01Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-05-01202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5iiiiiihttp://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000220/abstract?rss=yesContributors10.1016/S1064-9689(12)00022-0Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-05-01Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-05-01202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5vviihttp://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000232/abstract?rss=yesContents10.1016/S1064-9689(12)00023-2Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-05-01Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-05-01202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5ixxiihttp://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000244/abstract?rss=yesForthcoming Issues10.1016/S1064-9689(12)00024-4Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-05-01Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-05-01202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5xiiixiiihttp://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000165/abstract?rss=yesThe unique anatomy and range of motion of the shoulder joint can present a diagnostic challenge. Careful physical examination and radiographic findings often provide important clues in the differential diagnosis and, in many instances, may be sufficient for the assessment of patients with shoulder pain and/or instability. However, characterization of soft tissue injuries and radiographically occult osseous pathology at the shoulder often benefits from the use of MR imaging, a technique that over the past two decades has secured its place as a very important tool in the diagnostic workup of internal derangements affecting the shoulder joint.PrefaceJenny T. Bencardino10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.015Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-02-13Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-02-13202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5xvxvihttp://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000177/abstract?rss=yesTo my husband Alvand and my children Dario and Avan, the force behind my inspiration. To my parents Teresa and Libardo, with eternal gratitude. To Dr. Zehava Sadka Rosenberg and Dr. Javier Beltran for their unwavering trust and support.Dedication10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.016Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-02-17Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-02-17202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5xviixviihttp://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000475/abstract?rss=yesWith regard to the article “Congenital cardiovascular malformations: Noninvasive imaging by MRI in neonates,” by Rajesh Krishnamurthy and Edward Lee, which appeared in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America, Nov 2011 19(4):813–22 (doi: 10.1016/j.mric.2011.08.002), the publisher would like to clarify that Dr Lee's full name is Edward Y. Lee.Erratum10.1016/j.mric.2012.03.002Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-05-01Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-05-01202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5xviiixviiihttp://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000062/abstract?rss=yesImprovement in both hardware and software has opened up new opportunities in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the shoulder. MR imaging at 3-T has become a reality, with the prospect of 7-T imaging on the horizon. The art of MR arthrography continues to improve, aided by the use of novel imaging positions. New techniques for three-dimensional imaging, the reduction of metal artifact, and biochemical imaging of cartilage hold great promise.Technical Update on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the ShoulderRenata La Rocca Vieira, Leon D. Rybak, Michael Recht10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.005Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-02-13Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-02-13202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5149161http://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000074/abstract?rss=yesThe anatomic and histologic descriptions of the rotator cuff tendons and footprints are continuously evolving, and new discoveries have led to novel concepts in our understanding of rotator cuff tendon pathology. These concepts may be translated into the analysis of these footprints with imaging methods, particularly magnetic resonance imaging.Novel Anatomic Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Rotator Cuff Tendons and the FootprintBrady K. Huang, Donald Resnick10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.006Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-05-01Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-05-01202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5163172http://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000086/abstract?rss=yesThe rotator cable is an extension of the coracohumeral ligament coursing along the undersurface of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons. The rotator cable is thought to play a role in the biomechanical function of the intact and torn rotator cuff. It can be seen on all the imaging planes used for the conventional magnetic resonance imaging of the shoulder. Clinically, the integrity of the rotator cable can play a role in the treatment selection for patients with a rotator cuff tear.The Rotator Cable: Magnetic Resonance Evaluation and Clinical CorrelationSoterios Gyftopoulos, Jenny T. Bencardino, Igor Immerman, Joseph D. Zuckerman10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.007Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-02-17Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-02-17202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5173185http://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000128/abstract?rss=yesMagnetic resonance (MR) imaging plays a major role in helping to identify rotator cuff disease and in demonstrating the pathology associated with external impingement. Many surgeons rely on MR imaging to assist in decision making and presurgical planning for patients with rotator cuff pain. This article reviews the etiology of external impingement and rotator cuff tears, and describes the MR imaging appearance of the normal and the pathologic rotator cuffs. It focuses on the supraspinatus tendon because this is the tendon involved in 95% of rotator cuff tears.Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Rotator Cuff Disease and External ImpingementMichael J. Tuite10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.011Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-02-16Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-02-16202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5187200http://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000098/abstract?rss=yesInternal causes of impingement are secondary to rotator cuff and capsular dysfunction and are categorized by the location of the impingement and the underlying pathophysiological or mechanical cause of the impingement. These include posterosuperior impingement, anterosuperior impingement, anterior impingement, and entrapment of the long head of the biceps tendon. The objective of this article is to review magnetic resonance imaging findings of each of the 4 types of internal impingement syndromes and discuss the pathophysiology behind the impingement.Internal Impingement SyndromesLuis S. Beltran, Violeta Nikac, Javier Beltran10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.008Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-05-01Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-05-01202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5201211http://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000153/abstract?rss=yesMagnetic resonance (MR) imaging is the primary diagnostic imaging modality for the evaluation of patients with suspected internal derangement of the shoulder joint. Awareness and understanding of the complex anatomy of the shoulder articulation and the ability to recognize normal anatomic variants and potential imaging pitfalls are critical to accurate interpretation of conventional and arthrographic MR imaging studies. This review discusses the normal anatomy and anatomic variants of the glenoid labrum, articular cartilage, and glenohumeral ligaments. An improved understanding of normal anatomy, biomechanics, and variants will help to avoid potential pitfalls in the interpretation of noncontrast and arthrographic shoulder MR imaging examinations.Anatomic Variants and Pitfalls of the Labrum, Glenoid Cartilage, and Glenohumeral LigamentsKevin S. Dunham, Jenny T. Bencardino, Andrew S. Rokito10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.014Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-02-23Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-02-23202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5213228http://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS106496891200013X/abstract?rss=yesThe rotator interval is an anatomically defined triangular area located between the coracoid process, the superior aspect of the subscapularis, and the anterior aspect of the supraspinatus. It is widely accepted that the rotator interval structures fulfill a role in biomechanics and pathology of the glenohumeral joint and long head biceps tendon. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the biomechanical details and the indications for treatment. A better understanding of rotator interval anatomy and function will lead to improved treatment of rotator interval abnormalities, and guide the indications for imaging and surgical intervention.The Rotator Interval and Long Head Biceps Tendon: Anatomy, Function, Pathology, and Magnetic Resonance ImagingYoav Morag, Asheesh Bedi, David A. Jamadar10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.012Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-02-23Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-02-23202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5229259http://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000025/abstract?rss=yesThe extreme range of motion at the shoulder, high velocities and stresses, and repetitive nature of the throwing motion place the throwing athlete at risk for a wide range of pathologic entities. The treating orthopedist must fully understand the biomechanics of the throwing cycle and how it contributes to the potential injuries in the throwing shoulder during each phase of the throwing motion. The goal of orthopedic care and rehabilitation is to allow the throwing athlete to return symptom free to the preinjury level of competition.The Throwing Shoulder: the Orthopedist PerspectiveRandy M. Cohn, Laith M. Jazrawi10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.001Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-05-01Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-05-01202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5261275http://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000037/abstract?rss=yesThe glenohumeral joint provides the greatest range of motion of any joint in the human body. Over the past several decades, histologic studies, biomechanical studies, and improved arthroscopic techniques have contributed to improved knowledge and treatment of glenohumeral joint abnormalities. Continuing advances in magnetic resonance technology have allowed for improved noninvasive visualization of the stabilizers of the shoulder. This article reviews the concept of glenohumeral joint microinstability and its relationship with superior labrum anterior and posterior (SLAP) lesions, reviews the role of the labrum as a stabilizer of the shoulder, and focuses on the diagnosis and classification of SLAP lesions.Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior Lesions and MicroinstabilityEric Y. Chang, Evelyne Fliszar, Christine B. Chung10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.002Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-02-16Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-02-16202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5277294http://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000049/abstract?rss=yesThe glenohumeral joint enables tremendous range of motion at the expense of stability. Functional stability is maintained by the synchronous coordination of complex static and dynamic structures. Symptomatic glenohumeral instability most often results from injury to the inferior labral-ligamentous complex, the primary passive stabilizer of the shoulder. This article reviews the structures important in glenohumeral stabilization and illustrates their normal appearances and the abnormalities associated with anterior, posterior, and multidirectional instability. These lesions are discussed in the context of therapeutic decision making.Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Glenohumeral InstabilityPeter J. MacMahon, William E. Palmer10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.003Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-02-20Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-02-20202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5295312http://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000116/abstract?rss=yesMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR arthrography have proven invaluable for managing the postoperative shoulder, particularly in relation to the rotator cuff and labrum. MRI has proven to be an accurate imaging technique for differentiating expected findings versus complications in the postoperative setting. The transition from metallic hardware to bioabsorbable suture anchors used in orthopedic surgery has rendered less metallic susceptibility artifact over the years, allowing more accurate interpretation of MR images. This article gives a pictorial review of various expected postoperative findings in the shoulder and complications related to repair of the rotator cuff and labrum.Postoperative Shoulder Magnetic Resonance ImagingLaura W. Bancroft, Christopher Wasyliw, Christopher Pettis, Timothy Farley10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.010Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-02-13Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-02-13202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5313325http://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000104/abstract?rss=yesMagnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a modality widely used to assess shoulder abnormalities in children. A thorough understanding of the development of the shoulder and adequate MR techniques are crucial in the radiologic evaluation. The immature skeleton is particularly vulnerable to insults such as trauma, infection, and inflammation, and responds in unique ways. The pediatric shoulder can also be affected by complex congenital deformities such as brachial plexus injuries. In addition, certain neoplasms can be seen specifically in the young patient. MR imaging plays a critical role in the initial diagnostic evaluation and in assessing posttreatment responses.Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Pediatric ShoulderNancy A. Chauvin, Camilo Jaimes, Tal Laor, Diego Jaramillo10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.009Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-02-06Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-02-06202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5327347http://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000050/abstract?rss=yesThe role of magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating shoulder arthropathies is evolving. This article reviews 4 of the major arthropathies: septic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition disease, and hydroxyapatite disease (HAD), with special attention to their magnetic resonance imaging features. Comfort with identifying these entities allows appropriate and prompt treatment, which is critical for joint preservation in the case of infection, for maximal therapeutic efficacy of disease-modifying drugs in the case of rheumatoid arthritis, and for expediting symptomatic relief in the cases of CPPD deposition disease and HAD.Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Shoulder ArthropathiesA. Ross Sussmann, Jodi Cohen, George C. Nomikos, Mark E. Schweitzer10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.004Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-02-20Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-02-20202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5349371http://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000141/abstract?rss=yesEntrapment neuropathies are a rare but presumably underdiagnosed cause of shoulder pain and painful instability. Radiologists must be aware of the clinical presentations and imaging features of these neuropathies because they may be the first to suggest these diagnoses. In this article, instead of a classical nerve-by-nerve approach, entrapment neuropathies are deciphered according to the clinical situation: which anatomic structures may be involved, how to explore them, which imaging abnormalities can be expected, how to manage differential diagnoses, and which therapeutic options can be considered.Entrapment Neuropathies of the ShoulderJean-François Budzik, Guillaume Wavreille, Vittorio Pansini, Antoine Moraux, Xavier Demondion, Anne Cotten10.1016/j.mric.2012.01.013Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-05-01Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-05-01202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5373391http://www.mri.theclinics.com/article/PIIS1064968912000268/abstract?rss=yesIndex10.1016/S1064-9689(12)00026-8Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America 20, 2 (2012)2012-05-01Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America2012-05-01202S1064-9689(11)X0006-5393396